Archive for Maret 2016

DENOTATION , CONNOTATION AND IMPLICATION




    • Rose, Flower, Plant, Bloom, Nature, Blossom, Petal

      DENOTATION

      The denotation refers to the most basic or specific meaning of a word..so, Denotation is dictionary meaning of the word. Another way to think of it is as the associations that a word usually elicits for most speakers of a language, as distinguished from those elicited for any individual speaker because of personal experience. Denotation can be thought of as dictionary meanings or definition.

      CONNOTATION

      Connotation comes from the Latin word “connotare,” which means, “to mark in addition. In some cases, connotation can also be similar to symbolism as it hinges on culturally-accepted meanings.connotation is an idea that is suggested by or associated with a word. Connotation is the associated or secondary meaning. It can be something suggested or implied by a word or thing, rather than being explicitly named or described. It is important in poetry because use them to further develop or complicate a poem’s meaning..
       Example of denotation and connotation :
      ·         The word "snake" simple denotes a reptile.  But it has the connotation of someone who can not be trusted, someone who cheats, and/or someone who will do harm to you if they can.
      ·         The word “home” is just a name of structure or a shelter that is the usual residence of a person, family, or household, but the word has connotation of a nation, a place of warmth, comfort, and affection.
      ·         , the connotation of a red rose is love and passion, and if an author were to refer to a red rose while talking about a relationship, the reader would understand that this connotation and symbolism was at play.
      ·          The denotation is that it is a red, wild flower. If we look at the connotations, we naturally associate a rose with Valentine's Day or romance and courting.
      IMPLICATION
       implication is meaning which a speaker or writer intends but does not communicate directly. Where a listener is able to deduce or infer the intended meaning from what has been uttered, this is known as (conversational) implicature.
      For example : A: We are late! à It is mean that they must quickly.

       DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION

      Denotation
      ·         It refers to the primary, literal meaning or the dictionary meaning of a word.                
      ·         Denotation is not thus classified. It remains the same regardless of culture and personal experiences.
      Connotation
      ·         It refers to the personal and cultural meaning in addition to their primary, literal meaning of a word.
      ·         It can be classified as positive connotation and negative connotation.
      it can change according to culture and personal experiences.
      References : 
      www.enotes.com ›
      http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/explain-difference-between-denotation-connotation-114729

      https://www.teachit.co.uk/armoore/lang/semantics.htm

      http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-connotation-and-denotation-definitions-examples
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sumarry of euphemism



    • Euphemism Definition



      Euphemism is an idiomatic expression which loses its literal meanings and refers to something else in order to hide its unpleasantness. Euphemism depends largely on the social context of the speakers and writers where they feel the need to replace certain words which may prove embarrassing for particular listeners or readers in a particular situation.



      Techniques for Creating Euphemism
      Euphemism masks a rude or impolite expression but conveys the concept clearly and politely. Several techniques are employed to create euphemism. It may be in the form of abbreviations e.g. B.O. (body odor), W.C. (toilet) etc.
          Foreign words may be used to replace an impolite expression e.g. faux (fake), or faux pas (foolish error) etc. Sometimes, they are abstractions e.g. before I go (before I die). They may also be indirect expressions replacing direct ones which may sound offensive e.g. rear-end, unmentionables etc.
          Using longer words or phrases can also mask unpleasant words e.g. flatulence for farting, perspiration for sweat, mentally challenged for stupid etc. Using technical terms may reduce the rudeness exhibited by words e.g. gluteus maximus. Deliberately mispronouncing an offensive word may reduce its severity e.g. darn, shoot etc.


      Everyday Euphemism Examples in Life


      Euphemism is frequently used in everyday life. Let us look at some common euphemism examples:
      ·       -   You are becoming a little thin on top (bald).
      ·       -   Our teacher is in the family way (pregnant).
      ·      -    He is always tired and emotional (drunk).
      ·      -    We do not hire mentally challenged (stupid) people.
      ·         -  “kick the bucket” is a euphemism that describes the death of a person.
      ·       -    In addition, many organizations use the term “downsizing” for the distressing act of “firing” its employees He is a special child (disaFunction of Euphemism )

      Function of Euphemism


      Euphemism helps writers to convey those ideas which have become a social taboo and are too embarrassing to mention directly. Writers skillfully choose appropriate words to refer to and discuss a subject indirectly which otherwise are not published due to strict social censorship e.g. religious fanaticism, political theories, sexuality, death etc. Thus, euphemism is a useful tool that allows writers to write figuratively about the libelous issues.
       

       So, The term euphemism refers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant
      .literarydevices.net/euphemism

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