Sabtu, 01 Oktober 2016
POLITICAL
DISCOURSE
What exactly is 'political discourse'? The easiest, and
not
altogether misguided, answer is that political discourse is identified by its
actors
or authors, viz., politicians. Indeed, the vast bulk of studies of political
discourse
is about the text and talk of professional politicians or political
institutions,
such as presidenta and prime ministers and other members of
government,
parliament or political parties, both at the local, national and
international
levels. Some of the studies of politicians take a discourse analytical
approach
(Carbó 1984; Dillon et al. 1990; Harris 1991; Holly 1990; Maynard
This way of defining political discourse ishardly different
from the identification of medical, legal or educational discoursewith the
respective participants in the domains of medicine, law or education.This is
the relatively easy part (if we can agree on what `politics' means).
From the interactional
point of view ofdiscourse analysis, we therefore should also include the
various recipients inpolitical communicative events, such as the public, the
people, citizens, the`masses', and other groups or categories. That is, once we
locate politics and itsdiscourses in the public sphere, many more participants
in political communicationappear on the stage.
Obviously, the same is true for the definition of the field of
media discourse,which also needs to focus on its audiences. And also in
medical, legal or
educational
discourse, we not only think of participants such as doctors, lawyers
or
teachers, but also of patients, defendants and students. Hence, the
delimitation
of
political discourse by its principal authors' is insufficient and needs to be
extended
to a more complex picture of all its relevant participants, whether or not
these
are actively involved in political discourse, or merely as recipients in
one-way
modes of communication.
CRITICAL
DISCOURSE
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a branch of linguistics
that seeks to understand how and why certain texts affect readers and hearers.
Through the analysis of grammar, it aims to uncover the 'hidden ideologies'
that can influence a reader or hearer's view of the world. Analysts have looked
at a wide variety of spoken and written texts – political manifestos,
advertising, rules and regulations – in an attempt to demonstrate how text
producers use language (wittingly or not) in a way that could be ideologically
significant.
CDA is not a monolithic method or field of study but rather a
loose agglomeration
of
approaches to the study of discourse, all of which are located broadly within
the
tradition
of critical social research that has its roots in the work of the Frankfurt
School
(Wodak and Meyer 2001). Though having developed, at least initially, largely
independently
of each other, these approaches are united by a concern to understand
how
social power, its use and abuse, is related to spoken and written language.
REFERENCE
https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/proj/genbunronshu/29-2/haig.pdf
